Siskin and Warner 2010

Adrian Johns, "The Piratical Enlightenment" (301-320)

in c18, "printing was a local craft, addressing local and regional markets. Its legal, conventional, and moral institutions were local, too. Printed ideas attained ubiquity not only by distribution from major centers, but also by tension and competition between them and a more numerous set of reprinters. The reprinters were relays, if you will, en route between publisher and reader. The more the competition, the greater the ubiquity." (302)

not necessarily pure ideas radiating from Paris, Edinburgh; but mediated texts -- material texts (302)

• "every conceivable kind of knowledge spread across the continent and beyond in this way, through multiple reappropriations, generally unauthorized and often denounced" (303)
• "Cultural dispersion acted as a kind of chain reaction" (303)