Early computing devices

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/subjects/computers-business-machines

early mechanical calculating machines

17th century:

• Wilhelm Schickard (1623)
• Blaise Pascal (1642)
• Rene Grillet (1670s)
• Leibniz (1674)

19th century

• Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar, ARithmometer (1820)
  • commercial success in Europe starting in 1850s/60s
• Frank Baldwin, Baldwin Machine / T Odhner, Odhner Machine -- variable tooth calculators (1875)
• Brunsviga calculator (1885)
• Dorr E Felt, Comptometer (1887) -- key driven
• direct multiplcation calculator (Loen Bollee)
• Trinks Arithmotype printing calculator

context of Babbage's difference engine (never really realized) and George Scheutz's printing difference engine (which worked)

• https://repository.si.edu/items/d3bd18bb-9a77-4ca1-82c9-54db5f6e6d42

Harvard Mark 1

https://history-computer.com/the-history-of-harvard-mark-1/

At Harvard: https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/07/harvards-mark-1-finds-its-new-home/