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Greetham, D. C. ''Textual Scholarship: An Introduction.'' New York: Garland Publishing, 1994.

two basic principles in book: 1) textual studies has a historical bias; 2) textual criticism and subject fields (like literature) are related (2)

:"Editing depends upon textual scholarship, but textual scholarship is not merely method or technique; it is judgment and criticism, evaluation and discrimination, encompassing historical and cultural learning as well." (5)

''enumerative or systematic bibliography'': listing of books; refers to manuscript and printed materials

''codicology'': the study of manuscripts as artifacts (6)

''papyrology'': the study of papyrus materials

''diplomatics'': examination of the writing on legal documents

''paleography'': the examination of handwriting; some overlap with codicology when study of the manuscript itself is included

''epigraphy'': inscribed writing on monuments

''numismatics'': writing on a coin

''ostraka'': scraps and shards of pots

''analytical bibliographhy'' or ''new bibliography'': study of the process for printing texts; considered a "scientific" reaction to the older enumerative book-colletor's bibliography

''historical bibliography'' (sometimes the "biology of books"): studying books as part of a Darwinian evolution of a manufactring process

''descriptive bibliography'': using info gained in analytical and historical bibliography to prepare an account of the bibiographical nature of the book -- addressing the "ideal copy", listing contents, format, collation

''ideal copy'': that version intended for release by the printer, after all determined corrections have been made

''textual bibliography'': employment of technical info derived from analytical or descriptive bibliography in charting and evalutating the effect of the technical history on the text itself

paleography, codicology, analytical and descriptive bibliography as a prelud to the "real" business of textual scholarship: "the reconstruction of an author's intended text and/or the production of a critical edition displaying this intention or some other version of the text" (8); sometimes called "textual criticism" in classics, biblical studies, medieval studies -- sometimes also called "Lower Criticism", as opposed to "Higher Criticism"

''recension'': arranging manuscripts according to relative authority, using the genealogical system of ''stemmatics''

''textual analysis'': similar process of determining textual descent among printed texts, hcharting error and variance

next step is emendation, through ''textual'' or ''scholarly editing''

differentiated sometimes from ''documentary editing'': editing involving single rather than multiple documents; associated with historical rather than literary editions

''New Scholarship'': practitioners claim that eclectic or critical editing's concentration on "final intention" is a chimera; better to describe process rather than product of literary composition; often in debate with ''social textual criticism'', denies priority given to author's intentions and sees textual creation as a collaborative, social act, but both ''New Scholarship'' and ''social textual criticism'' is part of the general movement of ''revisionism''

textual scholarship part of larger field of ''philology'', defined under 19c German auspices (Altertumswissenschaft, "the science of ancient times") as the study of historical perspective, seeing a past culture and trying to re-create its ethos; morphed into ''historical linguistics'' (diachronic methods, as opposed to ''structuralist linguistics'', synchronic methods)

even more generally, part of ''historical criticism'' as opposed to close critical analysis

Greetham 1994 - Revision history

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